linux on The Programmer's Chest

Rename files in bulk in GNU/Linux

Mon, 30 Oct 2017 11:39:16 +0200

Note: Thanks to Cristina H for translating this post to english.

Sometimes when we get some files from the internet (usually music), each file contains in its name the name of the webpage from which it was downloaded.

If we want to rename all files to delete the web page from the file name, it is not necessary to rename files one by one, using the rename command from GNU/Linux we can get it done easily.

For example, lets say the files are as follows:

hkr@hkr:~/Desktop/RAP/d$ ls
01. Rafael Lechowski (Flowklorikos) - Uno - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
02. Rafael Lechowski (Flowklorikos) - Lluvia y fuego - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
03. Rafael Lechowski (Flowklorikos) - Donde duele inspira - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
04. Rafael Lechowski (Flowklorikos) - Por amor al odio (con Gregory Isaacs) - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
05. Rafael Lechowski (Flowklorikos) - Soy loco por ti - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
06. Rafael Lechowski (Flowklorikos) - Desde el barro (con Carlos Talavera) - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
07. Rafael Lechowski (Flowklorikos) - Folio en blanco (Improvisacion) - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
08. Rafael Lechowski (Flowklorikos) - In-extremis - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
09. Rafael Lechowski (Flowklorikos) - Sucio (con Carlos Talavera) - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
10. Rafael Lechowski (Flowklorikos) - Artesano del arte insano - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
11. Rafael Lechowski (Flowklorikos) - Cosquijazz - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
12. Rafael Lechowski (Flowklorikos) - Mis ego depresiones - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
13. Rafael Lechowski (Flowklorikos) - 13 - www.HHGroups.com.mp3

We want to delete the following from their names: Rafael Lechowski (Flowklorikos) and www.HHGroups.com. For that we use the rename command with the following syntax:

rename 's/Rafael Lechowski (Flowklorikos) - //g' *.mp3

What we are saying with that expression is that we want to replace all that match with Rafael Lechowski (Flowklorikos) by nothing, that is, to delete it from the name. It is necessary to scape blanks and parenthesis. The *.mp3 means that we want to apply that renaming to all mp3 files.

As a result, now the files have the following names:

hkr@hkr:~/Desktop/RAP/d$ ls -1
01. Uno - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
02. Lluvia y fuego - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
03. Donde duele inspira - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
04. Por amor al odio (con Gregory Isaacs) - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
05. Soy loco por ti - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
06. Desde el barro (con Carlos Talavera) - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
07. Folio en blanco (Improvisacion) - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
08. In-extremis - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
09. Sucio (con Carlos Talavera) - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
10. Artesano del arte insano - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
11. Cosquijazz - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
12. Mis ego depresiones - www.HHGroups.com.mp3
13. 13 - www.HHGroups.com.mp3

The only missing thing, is to delete the www.HHGroups.com part. We get it done with the following command:

rename 's/ - www.HHGroups.com//g' *.mp3

And finally, we have all our files renamed:

hkr@hkr:~/Desktop/RAP/d$ ls -1
01. Uno.mp3
02. Lluvia y fuego.mp3
03. Donde duele inspira.mp3
04. Por amor al odio (con Gregory Isaacs).mp3
05. Soy loco por ti.mp3
06. Desde el barro (con Carlos Talavera).mp3
07. Folio en blanco (Improvisacion).mp3
08. In-extremis.mp3
09. Sucio (con Carlos Talavera).mp3
10. Artesano del arte insano.mp3
11. Cosquijazz.mp3
12. Mis ego depresiones.mp3
13. 13.mp3

Change your gnome shell background's image and put a text color that suits, automatically

Mon, 09 Oct 2017 20:09:46 +0100

Sure you are that kind of person that spend hours in front of a computer with one or more terminals open. And sure, you are very used to the shell black background with white letters, or whatever shell style you put long time ago… Because, lets be honest, changing it everyday is not the most fun job. But… What if it changes itself automatically? What if you could just have your favorite pictures as shell backsground’s images, with a text that suits the colors in each of that images and you just have to no nothing?

Here I want to tell you how I thought to do it with a bash script, and thus escape from the shell style routine.

Before we start…

Check you gnome-shell version

That script is valid only for gnome versions < 3.8. I Have tested it in Linux Mint Debian Edition and in Ubuntu 14.04 (in this last I had to install gnome-shell).

To install gnome-shell (just in case you need to):

    cris@cris ~ $ sudo apt-get install gnome-shell

to check the gnome version:

    cris@cris ~ $ gnome-shell --version

Install ImageMagick and gawk

We are goint to use some ImageMagick functions to convert the images, and gawk for filtering expressions. To install them:

    cris@cris ~ $ sudo apt-get install gawk
    cris@cris ~ $ sudo apt-get install imagemagick

Script explanation

What we want this script to do is to modify directly the shell configuration values that are set in the file %gconf.xml which is placed at home/user/.gconf/apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default/ for gnome versions < 3.8.

Variables definition

Initially, we are declaring the variables with the path of the commands we are going to use frequently. It is not mandatory, but it is recommended. The ROUTE variable contains the path for the folder where the images that we want to use as background images are placed.

    GCONFT="/usr/bin/gconftool-2"
    SORT="/usr/bin/sort"
    GAWK="/usr/bin/gawk"
    CNVRT="/usr/bin/convert"
    ROUTE="/myPath/*"

Note:

gconftool-2 : gnome configuration tool. We use it with the set option to modify the configuration file.
sort : command that sorts text lines.
gawk : pattern scanner. We use it to filter the hexadecimal pattern.
convert : we use this command to resize the image and convert it to an hibstogram.

Taking Images

We take randomly an image of myPath for the shell background:

    FILE=$(shuf -n 1 -e $ROUTE)

We clear the path name and take only the image’s name:

    FILECONV=$(basename "$FILE")

Lets resize the image (just if needed, for example if the images we want to use are for desktop background). To not modify the original image neither keeping so many unnecessary copies, we save it in /tmp.

    convert "$FILE" -resize %50 "/tmp/$FILECONV"

As my images are desktop background size, I resize them to the half of their size to fit better the shell.

Optional: we take another image from the folder to set it as desktop background image:

    FILED=$(shuf -n 1 -e $ROUTE)

Set the terminal’s background image

We modify some configurations that are by default before applying changes, to have an effect:

    $GCONFT --set /apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default/background_type --type string "image" #solido por defecto

    $GCONFT --set /apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default/use_custom_command --type bool "false"

    $GCONFT --set /apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default/use_theme_colors --type bool "false"

    $GCONFT --set /apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default/use_custom_default_size --type bool "true"

Now, we can just take the resized image and set it as terminal’s background image:

    $GCONFT --set /apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default/background_image --type string "/tmp/$FILECONV"

Last, we set a dark background color for shell and a high opacity level, to make the text looks better:

    $GCONFT --set /apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default/background_color --type string "#181824243131"

    $GCONFT --set /apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default/background_darkness --type float "0.78"

Set the text color to suit with the image

To do that, we first get the color hibstogram from the image, and then we take a color tone of them. With convert we can specify the number of colors to take and the deeper we want to go in the image to get them. Then, we sort then according to their numeric order and filter just the hexadecimal code of the colors with gawk. We save it in a text file called paleta.txt which will be created at /tmp.

    $CNVRT "/tmp/$FILECONV" -colors 25 -depth 6 -format '%c' histogram:info:- \
    | $SORT --general-numeric-sort \
    | $GAWK 'match ($0, /^ *[0-9]+: \([^)]+\) (#[0-9A-F]+) .+$/, a) { print a[1] }' > "/tmp/paleta.txt"

To finish, we open the temporary file paleta.txt and read the first 6 lines from it, that is, we read the first 6 colors:

    # open file
    exec 3< /tmp/paleta.txt
    #read 6 lines
    read color1 <&3
    read color2 <&3
    read color3 <&3
    read color4 <&3
    read color5 <&3
    read color6 <&3
    #close
    exec 3<&-

and we set the last readed color as the shell’s text color:

    $GCONFT --set /apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default/foreground_color --type string "$color6"

Why taking the 6º color? well thats because as colors are ordered from dark to light, the lighther ones, that are the ones that give better results, are in the center possition of the hibstogram. However, you can modify it depending on your images. The script is not perfect! the image folder I use has 700 images and there is sometimes someone that fails suiting with text color, especially the very dark images where no light colors can be found. If you have any idea of improvement, comment it or let me know!

Optional: if you also want to change the desktop background image:

    gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri "file:///$FILED"

Enjoy and show off your terminals

Plan it execution

To avoid executing the script by hand, you can automate it execution using crontab, for example, if you want it to execute each time you boot your pc:

    cris@cris ~ $ crontab -e # open crontab
    @reboot /path_to_script/ChangeTerminals.sh # add task

Some examples

Link to code

You can check the script at github

Upgrading Gentoo kernel automatically

Sun, 01 Oct 2017 12:35:09 +0100

I’ve been using Gentoo for a few years now. And every time a new kernel version went out, I ended visiting Gentoo’s wiki page Kernel/Upgrade and following its steps to upgrade the kernel.

But I thought it would be better to automate the process, so I wrote a simple bash script that from now on will do the work for me. It may be useful for other Gentoo users:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

## Upgrade gentoo kernel

# The first and only argument must be the folder name of the new kernel.

# Stop script when an error occurs
set -o errexit
set -o pipefail
set -o nounset
# For debugging purposes
set -o xtrace

readonly kernel_path='/usr/src/'

_usage () {
    local script_name="$0"
    echo "Usage: $0 <newkernelfolder>"
}

_main () {
    echo "Backing up old kernel..."
    cd "${kernel_path}/linux/"
    cp .config ~/kernel-config-"$(uname -r)"
    echo "Copying old configuration..."
    cp /usr/src/linux/.config /tmp/.config
    echo "Setting new kernel as default..."
    #ln -sf /usr/src/"$1" /usr/src/linux
    cp /tmp/.config /usr/src/linux/
    eselect kernel set 2
    cd /usr/src/linux/
    echo "Building..."
    make -j4 olddefconfig
    make -j4 modules_prepare
    make modules_install
    emerge --ask @module-rebuild
    make -j4
    make install
    echo "Please, update your EFI entry: cp /boot/vmlinuz-*-gentoo /boot/efi/boot/bootx64.efi"
}


if [[ $# -eq 1 ]]
then
    _main $1
else
    _usage
fi

To use it, simply write:

$ sudo ./updatekernel.sh linux-4.12.12-gentoo

Where linux-4.12.12-gentoo is the name of the new kernel.

Contributions are welcome, because there is still room for improvement, you can check the script in my Dotfiles repository.

After writing the script, I saw portage already have hooks for execute actions when new ebuilds are downloaded, but when I tried it I realized that the .config from my previous kernel was not being picked up. I am sure there is a way to tell portage hooks to use the previous config, but since I’ve already wrote the script, I decided to use it.

Hope you find the script useful!

Update

I posted this script on the Gentoo subreddit /r/Gentoo and it has received a lot of comments. Some redditors had posted its own ways to update a kernel automatically, here are some of them:

htay6r7ce script:

eselect kernel list
eselect kernel set #

# Use current kernel config and store copy
gunzip /proc/config.gz -c > /root/config; cp /root/config /root/config-$(uname -r)

#  Optionally change module settings in the config file, or use --menuconfig
#  with genkernel.
genkernel --makeopts=-j9 --splash --kernel-config=/root/config all

# Update packages with kernel modules
emerge -1 @module-rebuild

# Cleanup old files
for name in $(ls /lib/modules/ | sort -V | head -n -3); do
  rm -rf /boot/{initramfs,kernel,System.map}-genkernel-x86_64-${name:?}
  rm -rf /lib/modules/${name:?}
done

# Update boot config file
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Btirooh script its repo jeekkd/gentoo-kernel-build.
KernelKunt has its script on github: t4nki/kupdate
sQu1rr kernel update on github gists.
htay6r7ce use the following script:

eselect kernel list
eselect kernel set #

# Use current kernel config and store copy
gunzip /proc/config.gz -c > /root/config; cp /root/config /root/config-$(uname -r)

#  Optionally change module settings in the config file, or use --menuconfig
#  with genkernel.
genkernel --makeopts=-j9 --splash --kernel-config=/root/config all

# Update packages with kernel modules
emerge -1 @module-rebuild

# Cleanup old files
for name in $(ls /lib/modules/ | sort -V | head -n -3); do
  rm -rf /boot/{initramfs,kernel,System.map}-genkernel-x86_64-${name:?}
  rm -rf /lib/modules/${name:?}
done

# Update boot config file
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

All of them are far more elaborate than mine, so I will try to use them and improve mine.

How to search files with locate using regular expressions.

Wed, 15 Feb 2017 00:00:00 +0000

In GNU/Linux, locate command is useful to find files in the file system by querying a database. Here is how to use with regular expressions.” Its man description is:

locate reads one or more databases prepared by updatedb(8) and writes file names matching at least one of the PATTERNs to standard output, one per line.

This post arises from a problem I had some days ago. I have a file with some of my Favorite songs. I update this file on a regular basis and I wanted to generate a playlist from that file. The solution was to write a script which loop through all items in the file and search where the each file is located in the hard drive.

UPDATE: Some time ago I improved this idea and wrote a Python script to create music playlists with a given length.

Regular expressions in Locate

Locate accepts complex regexs, in order to enable them, give locate -regex option.

Basically the problem is as follows: Given a text file with filenames, get the absolute path for each file in the textfile. For example, a file name “Author - Song Name” will be stored in the file as “Song Name”.

Writing the regular expression

Here is the regex needed:

$i.*(\.mp4|\.mp3)

$i stores the song name.
.* match zero or more characters after the song name.
(\.mp4|\.mp3) match only files with mp3 or mp4 extensions.

When building regular expressions, I find useful to use some king of tool like regex tester, that allows to visualize the regular expression:

Script

Once the regular expression is finished, the script that process the file with the song names and creates a playlist is as follows:

#!/bin/bash

names=`cat TEXT_FILE_WITH_SONG_NAMES`

IFS='
'

> /path/to/playlist.m3u

for i in $nombres
do
    echo "locate --regex -i \"$i.*(\.mp4|\.mp3)\""
    locate --regex -i "$i.*(\.mp4|\.mp3)" | tee -a /path/to/playlist.m3u
done
IFS=' '

IFS is set to line break, because for by default would consider the space as a separator, instead of a new line.

As an alternative, suggested by @ingenieríainv is to use while read $i:

#!/bin/bash

names=`cat ARCHIVO_CON_LISTA_DE_NOMBRES`

> /path/to/playlist.m3u

cat $nombres | while read i
do
    echo "locate --regex -i \"$i.*(\.mp4|\.mp3)\""
    locate --regex -i "$i.*(\.mp4|\.mp3)" | tee -a /path/to/playlist.m3u
done

And so IFS is no longer needed.

Tools

RegEx Tester »» regexpal.com

How to remove slotted packages in gentoo

Sat, 04 Feb 2017 12:53:37 +0100

Recently I had a problem trying to remove slotted packages in Gentoo, here is how I did it.

First use equery list <pkg> to list package matching PKG:

$ equery list emacs
 * Searching for emacs ...
[IP-] [  ] app-editors/emacs-24.5-r3:24
[IP-] [  ] app-editors/emacs-25.1:25

There are two emacs packages, slotted in :24 and :25, respectively. In order to remove the older version, execute:

$ sudo emerge -C emacs-24.5-r3:24
Password:
 * This action can remove important packages! In order to be safer, use
 * `emerge -pv --depclean <atom>` to check for reverse dependencies before
 * removing packages.

 app-editors/emacs
    selected: 24.5-r3
   protected: none
     omitted: 25.1

All selected packages: =app-editors/emacs-24.5-r3

>>> 'Selected' packages are slated for removal.
>>> 'Protected' and 'omitted' packages will not be removed.

>>> Waiting 5 seconds before starting...
>>> (Control-C to abort)...
>>> Unmerging in: 5 4 3 2 1
>>> Unmerging (1 of 1) app-editors/emacs-24.5-r3...
 * Regenerating site-gentoo.el for GNU Emacs (postrm) ...
[ ok ]
 * ... 4 site initialisation files included.

 * Regenerating GNU info directory index...
 * Processed 140 info files.

After removing the package, check what packages depended on it:

 $ equery depends emacs-24.5-r3:24
 * These packages depend on emacs-24.5-r3:24:
app-emacs/emacs-common-gentoo-1.5 (virtual/emacs)
app-emacs/markdown-mode-2.1 (>=virtual/emacs-23)
app-emacs/quilt-el-0.48.0 (>=virtual/emacs-23)
app-emacs/scala-mode-2.10.3 (>=virtual/emacs-23)
dev-python/cython-0.24.1 (emacs ? virtual/emacs)
dev-scheme/guile-1.8.8-r3 (emacs ? virtual/emacs)
dev-util/cmake-3.6.3 (emacs ? virtual/emacs)
dev-util/desktop-file-utils-0.23 (emacs ? virtual/emacs)
dev-util/ninja-1.6.0 (emacs ? virtual/emacs)
dev-vcs/git-2.10.2 (emacs ? virtual/emacs)
net-dns/libidn-1.33 (emacs ? virtual/emacs)
virtual/editor-0 (app-editors/emacs)
virtual/emacs-24 (app-editors/emacs:24)

The last step:

sudo emerge --update --deep --with-bdeps=y --newuse -atv @world

References

Gentoo Forums | Remove Slotted Packages

How to Change Portage Folders to Other Location in Gentoo

Wed, 17 Aug 2016 08:06:32 +0000

Recently I had a problem with portage and its tmp directory in /var/tmp/portage in Gentoo. I had no space left in the disk, the error message was:

There is NOT at least 10 GiB disk space at "/var/tmp/portage

So first I decided to change all the portage files to my secondary hard disk drive, here is how to change portage folders to a new location.

Changing /etc/portage/make.conf file

Suppose the new directory is /home/hkr/ssd2/portage.

The first thing to to is update the environment variables PORTDIR, DISTDIR and PKGDIR to point to the new location, so in the file make.conf we need to write:

PORTDIR="/home/hkr/ssd2/portage"
DISTDIR="${PORTDIR}/distfiles"
PKGDIR="${PORTDIR}/packages"

Syncing portage tree

Now that we had updated the variables, we need to sync portage:

emerge --sync

After that, portage now knows about the new location, but there is one more thing to do.

Symlinking make.profile to the new location

After syncing portage, one last thing to do is symlinking make.profile to the new location, previously it was a symlink to /usr/portage/profiles/default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/, but we need to update it to the new location. Here is how:

ln -s /home/hkr/ssd2/portage/profiles/default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop /etc/portage/make.profile

Now everything is right and we have changed the portage location and get rid of the space problems.

Changing only the tmp directory (/var/tmp/portage)

After doing the previous steps, I realized that it would be a better option to only change the location of the tmp portage directory (by default /var/tmp/portage), that was the original problem, because I did not had enough space left there. So a better option would be leave make.conf as we had it previously, and only add a new variable:

PORTAGE_TMPDIR="/home/hkr/ssd2/"

Hope it helps!.

References

Can't Update to Firefox 48 in Gentoo, NSS Version Too Old

Thu, 04 Aug 2016 09:05:17 +0000

Today, when I check for updates in my Gentoo machine, the new Firefox 48 was released. But when I tried to update I kept getting this error:

configure: error: you don't have NSS installed or your version is too old

I tried to enable the NSS USE flag, but did not work, so I went to the Gentoo forums and asked there. After a few minutes they answered me, it is a current bug that need to be solved. But fortunately there is a workaround until the bug is fixed:

echo "=dev-libs/nss-3.24 ~amd64" >> /etc/portage/package.accept_keywords
emerge -u nss
emerge =www-client/firefox-48.0

Executing the above in a terminal as root will force portage to install the version 3.24 of NSS, and then firefox will not complain about the old version.

Once firefox 48 is installed, we can enjoy the new multiprocessing feature.

Thanks to fedeliallalinea for solving me the problem in the forums!

Bash syntax highlighted script

Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 +0000

As I said to you, I have done the bash highlighted syntax script, Still it does not highlight many words, but I will try to improve it. If there is some word that is not highlighted, simply add it to the variable KeyWords. Here the code:

#!/bin/bash

rutaCodigo=`zenity --file-selection --title="Select a File"`
case $? in
0)
  keywords="alias bg bind break builtin case cd command continue declare dirs disown do done echo elif else enable-in esac eval exec exit export fc fg fi for function getopts hash help history if in jobs kill let local logout popd pushd pwd read readonly return select set shift suspend test then time times trap type typeset ulimit umask unalias unset until wait while sed rm IFS cp mv mkdir"

 sed 's/#.*/&/' < "$rutaCodigo" > temp # & print the coincidence with the pattern
 cp temp "$rutaCodigo"

  for word in $keywords
  do
#I search in the text, every key word contained in keyWords, and add the label
sed "s/b$wordb/$word/" < "$rutaCodigo" > temp
    cp temp "$rutaCodigo"
  done
rm temp
  ;;
*)
  echo "No se seleciciono nada.";;
esac

I am going to explain a bit the code:

sed 's/#.*/&/'

This line is the one that takes charge highlighting the comments. We look for one “*”, that are the comments in bash, and any character after ” (. *) “. “&”, it is in order that in this place, it prints everything what coincided with the pattern ” (. *) “, that is to say, the comment.

There is a small problem, and is that I did not manage to form the regular expression 100 % correct for the comments, in any place in which one exists #, it will treat as a comment, this happens for example in (#!/bin/bash).

I hope that it is useful

Bash syntax highlighted script [Improved]

Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 +0000

Thanks to DavidRSM, I have improved the highlighted syntax script for bash, and now it allows many more key words. Simply it is necessary to add to the variable keywords the commands names that they find in /bin/, and /sbin/, You can add more key words concatenating them to the variable, this way:

keywords=$keywords`ls 'Commands directory'`

#!/bin/bash

rutaCodigo=`zenity --file-selection --title="Select a File"`
case $? in
0)
  keywords="alias bg bind break builtin case cd command continue declare dirs disown do done elif else enable-in esac eval exec exit export fc fg fi for function getopts hash help history if jobs let local logout popd pushd read readonly return select set shift suspend test then time times trap type typeset ulimit umask unalias unset until wait while"

 #Agrego mas palabras clave de los directorios sbin y bine, que contienen comandos.
 keywords=$keywords`ls /bin/`
 keywords=$keywords`ls /sbin/`

 # Para lo comentarios, el & hace que se escriba lo que coincidio con el patron
sed 's/#.*/&/' < "$rutaCodigo" > temp
 cp temp "$rutaCodigo"

  for word in $keywords
  do
#Busco en el texto, cada palabra clave contenida en keyWords, y le añado la etiqueta span
sed "s/b$wordb/$word/" < "$rutaCodigo" > temp
    cp temp "$rutaCodigo"
  done
rm temp
  ;;
*)
  echo "No se seleciciono nada.";;
esac

C++ syntax highlighted script

Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 +0000

I decided to create a small script that highlights the words reserved of c++. Here the code:

#!/bin/bash

rutaCodigo=`zenity --file-selection --title="Select a File"`
case $? in
0)
  keyWords="continue float new signed try auto default for operator sizeof typedef break delete friend private static union case do goto protected struct unsigned catch double if public switch virtual char else inline register template void enum int return this volatile const extern long short throw while bool cout cin using namespace"

  sed "s/^#include/#include/" < "$rutaCodigo" > temp # coloreo el include
  sed "s/^#define/#define/" < temp > "$rutaCodigo" # coloreo el define

  for word in $keyWords
  do
#Busco en el texto, cada palabra clave contenida en keyWords, y le añado la etiqueta span
sed "s/b$wordb/$word/" < "$rutaCodigo" > temp
    cp temp $rutaCodigo
  done
sed "s/^class /class/g" < "$rutaCodigo" > temp
  rm temp
  ;;
*)
  echo "No se seleciciono nada.";;
esac

I am going to explain a bit the code:

The variable keyWords contains the key words of c ++, fewer “class”, which later I will explain because. In this variable, the words have to be separated by a space, and all in the same line, In order that the “for” takes word to word.

Both following lines

sed "s/^#include..... and sed "s/^#define...

search the pattern “#define” or “#include”, initially of every line of the text, this is indicated by ^, and replaces it with his corresponding style, to format the text. Once we enter the “for”, there is applied basically the same procedure that for it “define” and “include”, but with every word of the variable keyWords.

Finally, I do the same for the reserved word “class”, the motive for which I have left this one by the end, it is because the label contains the word, “class”, and then the code would not go out well, since on having been this word inside the label span, it would replace it also.

How Use It:

It is necessary to create a css class for the blog, of this form:

.prp { color: "#0a0"; font-weight: bold; }
.cpp { color: "#a40"; font-weight: bold; }

Once done this, we have to execute the script and introduce the code path to formatting with this style.

Here you can see the result.

Regards, I hope that it is useful

Grub Customizer 2.0

Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 +0000

With the release of version 2.0, Grub Customizer becomes the most complete GRUB 2 graphical configuration tool

Grub Customizer - a new graphical GRUB 2 and BURG settings manager -, 2.0 has been released today with a lot of enhancements: you can now select the default boot entry, change the menu visibility and timeout, set kernel parameters, disable recovery entries and change screen resolution (GFX_MODE) - all by using Grub Customizer.

Besides the above new features, Grub Customizer 2.0 also brings some GRUB 2 only specific settings (they don’t work for BURG) like changing the menu colors or background image. Please note that these appearance options worked for me in Ubuntu 10.04 but did not work in Ubuntu 10.10 - however this might happen because I’ve messed a lot with the GRUB 2 configuration (including running the script for fixing the Plymouth).

Install Grub Customizer in Ubuntu:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-customizer

Once installed, you can find it under Applications > System Tools > Grub Customizer.

For other Linux distributions: download Grub Customizer @ Launchpad (you’ll have to get it through BZR).

For a similar BURG only tool, see Burg Manager.

Source

Source: webupd8.org